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Liver cell therapies: cellular sources and grafting strategies
《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 页码 432-457 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1002-1
关键词： liver regeneration hepatocytes cholangiocytes stem cells organoids regulatory mechanisms transplantation/grafting strategies
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期 页码 33-39 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0114-1
Adult stem cells hold great promise for wound healing and tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), for example, have been shown to play a role in tissue repair. Research has shown that endogenous bone marrow MSCs or exogenously delivered MSCs migrate to the sites of injury and participate in the repair process. The precise mechanisms underlying migration of MSCs into the injured tissue are still not fully understood, although multiple signaling pathways and molecules were reported, including both chemoattractive factors and endogenous electric fields at wounds. This review will briefly summarize the regulatory facors and signaling transduction pathways involved in migration of MSCs. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the migration of MSCs will help us to develop new stem cell-based therapeutic strategies in regenerative medicine.
关键词： mesenchymal stem cells migration molecular mechanisms signaling pathway
Mechanisms of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期 页码 389-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0362-y
Studies conducted by our group on the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are reviewed in this paper. Conclusions can be summarized as follows. (1) Neuroendocrine-immune network (NIN)-osteoclast regulatory pathway OPG-RANKL-RANK is one of the mechanisms of “kidney governing bones.” Although kidney-reinforcing therapy is regarded as one of the holistic regulatory mechanisms of the body, characteristic holistic regulation in TCM can be reflected through nonselective regulation of the NIN during kidney reinforcement therapy, which can be used to treat osteoporosis through microadjustments in the microenvironment of the bone marrow. (2) Marrow exhaustion in TCM, which is the state wherein lipocytes in the bone marrow increase whereas other cells decrease, serves as the pathogenesis of osteoporosis brought about by failure of the “kidney governing bones.” (3) The kidney in TCM can be regarded as a complex system comprising multiple functional units in the body, including the unit “governing bones.” Kidney deficiency refers to a deficiency in only one or more units of the kidney system and not the whole system itself, which explains the kidney-reinforcing effect of many herbs; some herbs can treat osteoporosis, but some cannot. Although both classified as kidney-reinforcing agents, the former can resolve failure of the “kidney governing bones” unit while the latter regulates the failure of other units in the kidney system. Despite the current understanding on “kidney governing bones” theory, the mechanism of “kidney governing bones” remains complicated and unresolved. Thus, further studies in this area are warranted.
关键词： kidney governing bones kidney deficiency marrow osteoporosis neuroendocrine-immune network osteoclast regulatory pathway
The regulatory sciences for stem cell-based medicinal products
null
《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期 页码 190-200 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0323-5
Over the past few years, several new achievements have been made from stem cell studies, many of which have moved up from preclinical stages to early, or from early to middle or late, stages thanks to relatively safe profile and preliminary evidence of effectiveness. Moreover, some stem cell-based products have been approved for marketing by different national regulatory authorities. However, many critical issues associated mainly with incomplete understanding of stem cell biology and the relevant risk factors, and lack of effective regulations still exist and need to be urgently addressed, especially in countries where establishment of appropriate regulatory system just commenced. More relevantly, the stem cell regulatory sciences need to be established or improved to more effectively evaluate quality, safety and efficacy of stem cell products, and for building up the appropriate regulatory framework. In this review, we summarize some new achievements in stem cell studies, especially the preclinical and clinical studies, the existing regulations, and the associated challenges, and we then propose some considerations for improving stem cell regulatory sciences with a goal of promoting the steadfast growth of the well-regulated stem cell therapies abreast of evolvement of stem cell sciences and technologies.
关键词： stem cell-based medicinal products (SCMPs) stem cell therapy (SCT) safety effectiveness standards guidelines regulatory science
Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives
Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1402-x
关键词： Blockchain E-waste Regulatory Policy Copyright Laws Repair-Reuse-Remanufacture Toxicity
Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review
Xiaomao WANG,Yuqin MAO,Shun TANG,Hongwei YANG,Yuefeng F. XIE
《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第1期 页码 3-15 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0734-1
关键词： Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) drinking water standards regulatory compliance alternative disinfection information collection rule (ICR) emerging DBPs
FOOD SYSTEMS TRANSFORMATION: CONCEPTS, MECHANISMS AND PRACTICES
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期 页码 1-3 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023491
Gripping mechanisms in current wood harvesting machines
D. GOUBET, J. C. FAUROUX, G. GOGU
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第1期 页码 42-61 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0358-3
This paper focuses on the structural synthesis of gripping mechanisms used in the mechanization of the harvesting process. The importance of the gripping function in current devices like harvesting heads is underlined. This function is performed with several typical mechanisms which are listed and described in this article. This study distinguishes two kinds of planar gripping mechanisms mainly used in opening and closing the rollers: five concentric and two lateral ones. Both kinds have advantages and drawbacks. So a third kind of hybrid mechanism has been designed in order to orientate the axis of the rollers during gripping motion in order to combine concentric and lateral gripping advantages. Two planar and one spatial existing mechanisms are described. The last part of this paper presents a structural synthesis of such a spatial parallel mechanism by using the structural parameters and the general formulae established by the third author. Nine kinematic diagrams of spatial parallel mechanisms are provided.
关键词： structural synthesis parallel mechanisms gripping mechanisms wood harvesting harvesting head
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期
Metabolites, especially secondary metabolites, are very important in the adaption of tea plants and the quality of tea products. Here, we focus on the seasonal variation in metabolites of fresh tea shoots and their regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level. The metabolic profiles of fresh tea shoots of 10 tea accessions collected in spring, summer, and autumn were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-obitrap mass spectrometry. We focused on the metabolites and key genes in the phenylpropanoid/flavonoid pathway integrated with transcriptome analysis. Multivariate statistical analysis indicates that metabolites were distinctly different with seasonal alternation. Flavonoids, amino acids, organic acids and alkaloids were the predominant metabolites. Levels of most key genes and downstream compounds in the flavonoid pathway were lowest in spring but the catechin quality index was highest in spring. The regulatory pathway was explored by constructing a metabolite correlation network and a weighted gene co-expression network.
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第14卷 第1期 页码 15-20 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0517-7
关键词： innovation design reconfigurable mechanisms metamorphic mechanisms origami-derived mechanisms development trends
CROP DIVERSITY AND SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: MECHANISMS, DESIGNS AND APPLICATIONS
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第3期 页码 359-361 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2021417
Intensive monoculture agriculture has contributed greatly to global food supply over many decades, but the excessive use of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides) and intensive cultivation systems has resulted in negative side effects, such as soil erosion, soil degradation, and non-point source pollution[1]. To many observers, agriculture looms as a major global threat to nature conservation and biodiversity. As noted in the Global Biodiversity Outlook 4[2], the drivers associated with food systems and agriculture account for around 70% and 50% of the projected losses by 2050 of terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity, respectively[3].
In addition, agricultural development and modernization of agriculture has led to a decline in the total number of plant species upon which humans depend for food[4]. Currently, fewer than 200 of some 6000 plant species grown for food contribute substantially to global food output, and only nine species account for 67% of total crop production[3]. The global crop diversity has declined in past decades.
Crop species diversity at a national scale was identified as one of the most important factors that stabilize grain production at a national level[5]. A group of long-term field experiments demonstrated that crop diversity also stabilizes temporal grain productivity at field level[6]. Therefore, maintaining crop diversity at both national and field levels is of considerable importance for food security at national and global scales.
Crop diversity includes temporal (crop rotation) and spatial diversity (e.g., intercropping, agroforestry, cultivar mixtures and cover crops) at field scale. Compared to intensive monocultures, diversified cropping systems provide additional options to support multiple ecosystem functions. For instance, crop diversity may increase above- and belowground biodiversity, improve yield stability, reduce pest and disease damage, reduce uses of chemicals, increase the efficiency of the use land, light water and nutrient resources, and enhance stress resilience in agricultural systems.
To highlight advances in research and use of crop diversity, from developing and developed countries, we have prepared this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture” for Frontiers of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, mainly focusing on intercropping.
Intercropping, growing at least two crops at the same time as a mixture, for example, in alternate rows or strips, is one effective pathway for increasing crop diversity at the field scale. Over recent decades, there have been substantial advances in terms of understanding of processes between intercropped species and applications in practice. There are 10 articles in this special issue including letters, opinions, review and research articles with contributions from Belgium, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerlands, UK, and Mexico etc.
The contributors are internationally-active scientists and agronomists contributing to intercropping research and extension. For example, Antoine Messean is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project DiverIMPACTS “Diversification through rotation, intercropping, multiple cropping, promoted with actors and value chains towards sustainability”. Eric Justes is coordinator of the EU H2020 Research project ReMIX “Redesigning European cropping systems based on species mixtures”. Maria Finckh has worked on crop cultivar mixture and organic agriculture over many years. Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen has outstanding expertise in intercropping research and applications, moving from detailed studies on species interactions in intercropping to working with farmers and other stakeholders to make intercropping work in practical farming. In addition to these established scientists, young scientists who have taken an interest in intercropping also contribute to the special issue, including Wen-Feng Cong, Yixiang Liu, Qi Wang, Hao Yang and others.
The first contribution to this special issue addresses how to design cropping systems to reach crop diversification, with Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021392) considering that it is necessary to optimize existing and/or design novel cropping systems based on farming practices and ecological principles, and to strengthen targeted ecosystem services to achieve identified objectives. In addition, the design should consider regional characteristics with the concurrent objectives of safe, nutritious food production and environmental protection.
The benefits of crop diversification have been demonstrated in many studies. Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers describe the benefits of crop diversification at three scales: field, farm, and landscape. Hao Yang and coauthors reviewed the multiple functions of intercropping. Intercropping enhances crop productivity and its stability, it promotes efficient use of resources and saves mineral fertilizer, controls pests and diseases of crops and reduces the use of pesticides. It mitigates climate change by sequestering carbon in soil, reduces non-point source pollution, and increases above- and belowground biodiversity of other taxa at field scale ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398).
Eric Justes and coworkers proposed the “4C” framework to help understand the role of species interactions in intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021414). The four components are competition, complementary, cooperation (facilitation) and compensation, which work often simultaneously in intercropping. Hao Yang and coworkers used the concept of diversity effect from ecology to understand the contribution of complementarity and selection effects to enhanced productivity in intercropping. The complementarity effect consists of interspecific facilitation and niche differentiation between crop species, whereas the selection effect is mainly derived from competitive processes between species such that one species dominates the other ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021398). Also, Luis Garcia-Barrios and Yanus A. Dechnik-Vazquez dissected the ecological concept of the complementarity and selection effects to develop a relative multicrop resistance index to analyze the relation between higher multicrop yield and land use efficiency and the different ecological causes of overyielding under two contrasting water stress regimes ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021412).
Odette Denise Weedon and Maria Renate Finckh found that composite cross populations, with different disease susceptibilities of three winter wheat cultivars, were moderately resistant to brown rust and even to the newly emerged stripe rust races prevalent in Europe since 2011, but performance varied between standard and organic management contexts ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021394).
Comparing the performance of intercrops and sole crops is critical to make a sound evaluation of the benefits of intercropping and assess interactions between species choice, intercrop design, intercrop management and factors related to the production situation and pedoclimatic context. Wopke van der Werf and coworkers review some of the metrics that could be used in the quantitative synthesis of literature data on intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021413).
Interspecific interactions provide some of the advantages of intercropping, and can be divided into above- and belowground interactions. Aboveground interactions can include light and space competition, which is influenced by crop species traits. Root exudates are also important in interspecific interactions between intercropped or rotated species. Qi Wang and coworkers estimated the light interception of growth stage of maize-peanut intercropping and corresponding monocultures, and found that intercropping has higher light interception than monoculture, and increasing plant density did not further increase light interception of intercropping ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021403). Yuxin Yang and coworkers reported that the root exudates of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) can reduce infection of tobacco by Phytophthora nicotianae via inhibiting the motility and germination of the spores of the pathogen ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021399).
Focusing on the application of intercropping, Wen-Feng Cong and coworkers formulated species recommendations for different regions of China for different crop diversity patterns and crop species combinations. These authors also suggested three steps for implementing crop diversification on the North China Plain. Although there are multiple benefits of crop diversification, its extension and application are hindered by various technical, organizational, and institutional barriers along value chains, especially in Europe. Based on the findings of the European Crop Diversification Cluster projects, Antoine Messéan and coworkers suggested that there needs to be more coordination and cooperation between agrifood system stakeholders, and establish multiactor networks, toward an agroecological transition of European agriculture ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021406). In addition, Henrik Hauggaard-Nielsen and coworkers report the outcomes of a workshop for participatory research to overcome the barriers to enhanced coordination and networking between stakeholders ( https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2021416).
Intercropping, though highly effective in labor-intensive agriculture, may be difficult to implement in machine-intensive, large-scale modern agriculture because appropriate large equipment is not commercially available for planting and harvesting various crop mixtures grown with strip intercropping[6]. Thus, the appropriate machinery will need to be developed for further practical application in large-scale agriculture.
As the guest editors, we thank all the authors and reviewers for their great contributions to this special issue on “Crop Diversity and Sustainable Agriculture”. We also thank the FASE editorial team for their kind supports.
调节性T细胞及其在抗肿瘤免疫疗法中的临床应用 Review
解丰, 梁瑞, 李丹, 李斌
《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第1期 页码 132-139 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.12.002
癌症是可能危及生命的疾病，特点在于肿瘤细胞在宿主身上无限增殖。最近，因其具有预防肿瘤进展和转移的巨大潜力，免疫疗法受到越来越多研究者的关注。调节性T 细胞（Treg）是对维持宿主免疫稳态起重要作用的抑制性CD4+ T 细胞的一个亚群。调节性T 细胞缺陷可引起严重的自身免疫、过敏和自身炎症等疾病。调节性T 细胞通常富集在肿瘤微环境中，而大量免疫抑制调节性T细胞往往表明预后较差。因此，人们对调节性T 细胞的功能及其在抗肿瘤免疫疗法中的临床应用再次产生了兴趣。越来越多的策略关注调节性T 细胞的消耗，这在抗肿瘤免疫方面似乎有效。预计调节性T 细胞靶向策略与其他疗法（如嵌合抗原受体T 细胞疗法或免疫检查点阻断）联用将为提高抗肿瘤疗效带来重大机遇。
Chen-Kai JIANG, De-Jiang NI, Ming-Zhe YAO, Jian-Qiang MA, Liang CHEN
《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 页码 215-230 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2021382
关键词： harvest season metabolites tea shoots transcriptomics untargeted metabolomics
药品监管科学推动中国新冠病毒疫苗研发概述 Review
黄志明, 付志浩, 王军志
《工程（英文）》 2022年 第10卷 第3期 页码 127-132 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.01.001
监管科学是一门综合应用自然科学、社会科学和人文科学，开发新工具、新标准和新方法，以评估受监管产品的安全性、有效性、质量和性能的学科。监管科学研究的根本目的是为行政决策提供技术支撑。在甲型H1N1流感、严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）和中东呼吸综合征（MERS）等传染病大流行期间，监管科学研究有力支持了抗病毒药物和疫苗的研发。特别在新型冠状病毒（简称新冠病毒）肺炎（COVID-19）疫情大流行期间，药品监管科学支持下的疫苗研发在疫情防控中发挥了重要作用。本文总结了中国疫苗产业、新冠病毒疫苗研发以及疫苗监管科学发展的总体概况。此外，本文重点从国家规划、法律法规、技术指南、质量控制和疫苗上市后监管等方面，回顾和分析了监管科学研究为推动中国新冠病毒疫苗研发所发挥的重要作用。本文为当前大流行阶段以及后疫情时代的疫苗研发策略制定提供参考，并为将来如何更好地应对新发和再发传染病提供借鉴和指导。
Mass transport mechanisms within pervaporation membranes
Yimeng Song, Fusheng Pan, Ying Li, Kaidong Quan, Zhongyi Jiang
《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期 页码 458-474 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1780-1
关键词： pervaporation membrane mass transport mechanisms physical mechanism chemical mechanism
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
Regulatory factors of mesenchymal stem cell migration into injured tissues and their signal transductionmechanisms
null
期刊论文
Zero E-waste: Regulatory impediments and blockchain imperatives
Mengjun Chen, Oladele A. Ogunseitan
期刊论文
Disinfection byproducts in drinking water and regulatory compliance: A critical review
Xiaomao WANG,Yuqin MAO,Shun TANG,Hongwei YANG,Yuefeng F. XIE
期刊论文
METABOLIC AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS METABOLITE VARIATION AND FLAVONOID REGULATORY NETWORKS IN
期刊论文
Recent development on innovation design of reconfigurable mechanisms in China
Wuxiang ZHANG, Shengnan LU, Xilun DING
期刊论文
METABOLIC AND TRANSCRIPTOME ANALYSIS REVEALS METABOLITE VARIATION AND FLAVONOID REGULATORY NETWORKS IN
Chen-Kai JIANG, De-Jiang NI, Ming-Zhe YAO, Jian-Qiang MA, Liang CHEN
期刊论文
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